LOCAL VAT MEASURES FOR FOREIGN COMPANIES IN LATVIA
Do special arrangements apply to "call-off-stock" in Latvia?
Yes
Simplification measures are applicable for call-off sotck and consignment stock. Foreign taxpayers are therefore not required to be VAT registered in Latvia provided the conditions are met.
Call-off stock refers to the situation where at the time of transport of goods to another Member State, the supplier already knows the identity of the person acquiring the goods to whom they will be supplied at a later stage and after arrival of the goods in the Member State of destination. This currently gives rise to a deemed supply (in the Member State of departure of the goods) and a deemed intra-Community acquisition (in the Member State of arrival of the goods), followed by a 'domestic' supply in the Member State of arrival and requires the supplier to be identified for VAT purposes in that Member State.
Simplification measures have been implemented in various Member States avoiding the VAT registration of the supplier in the country of destination.
Triangulation can be applied when the middleman (B) is VAT registered for others supplies in the 3rd country (Member State of destination)?
No
Triangulation regime ABC cannot be applied provided the middleman B is VAT registered as a non-established company in Latvia [Member State C].
Chain transactions refer to successive supplies of goods which are subject to a single intra-Community transport. The intra-Community movement of the goods should only be ascribed to one of the supplies, and only that supply should benefit from the VAT exemption provided for the intra-Community supplies. The other supplies in the chain should be taxed and may require the VAT identification of the supplier in the Member State of supply.
However, the divergent approach amongst Member States in the application of these exemptions for cross-border transactions has created difficulties and legal uncertainty for businesses.
Optional reverse charge for supply of goods?
Reverse charge is not applicable to domestic supplies of goods except for scrap metal carried out by suppliers not established in Latvia.
Optional reverse charge for supply of services
Reverse charge is not applicable to domestic supplies of services except for construction services.
Optional reverse charge (art. 194 of the VAT Directive)
Member States in which the VAT is due may provide that the person liable for the payment of VAT is the person to whom the goods or services are supplied where the transaction is carried out by a taxable person who is not established in the country in which the VAT is due.
VAT Warehousing implemented in Latvia?
Latvia has not introduced VAT warehousing regime.
VAT Directive
Member States may exempt the importation of goods and the supply of goods which are intended to be placed under warehousing arrangements other than customs warehousing.
Is it possible for a company to pay the import VAT via the periodical VAT return?
Postponed accounting via the VAT return is possible. A deferred payment for VAT and customs [similar delay] is also possible under specific conditions.
VAT DIrective
Member States may provide that VAT on importation does not need to be paid at the time of importation on condition that it is entered as such in the VAT return to be submitted.
VAT OBLIGATIONS IN LATVIA
How is the tax period determined in Belgium?
Monthly/Quarterly/Bi-yearly
Your company has to report its VAT position by filing periodical VAT returns on a monthly basis provided your annual turnover of the preceding year exceeds LVL 35.000 [+/- € 50.000] or if you have intra-EU transactions. Other tax periods [quarterly or bi-yearly] were also available under specific conditions. Bi-yearly return has now been abolished since 01/01/2017.
When should periodical VAT return be filed?
Periodical VAT returns must be filed by electronic means to Latvian VAT authorities no later than the 20th day of the month [20 of N+1] following the tax period [month/quarter] to which it relates.
VAT Directive
The tax period shall be set by each Member State at one month, two months or three months. Member States may, however, set different tax periods provided those ones do not exceed one year. The VAT return shall be submitted by a deadline to be determined by Member States. That deadline may not be more than two months after the end of each tax period.
Is this requirement laid down in the country and what is the filing deadline?
Your company has to file an annual VAT return in addition to the periodical VAT returns. The statement should be filed before May 1st [to check October 1st] of the year following the reporting period.
VAT Directive
Member State may require taxable persons to submit a return in respect to all transactions carried out in the preceding year. That return shall provide all the information necessary for any adjustments.
Are quarterly filings allowed by the country and what is the filing deadline?
The recapitulative statement [ESL] must be drawn up for each calendar month and submitted by electronic means or on paper [Form PVN2] to Latvian VAT authorities respectively by the 20th day of the month [20 of N+1] and by the 15th day of the month following the reporting period [month].
Filing the statement on a quarterly basis is not possible.
VAT Directive
The recapitulative statement shall be drawn up for each calendar month. However, Member States, in accordance with the conditions and limits which they may lay down, may allow taxable persons to submit the recapitulative statement on each calendar quarter where the total quarterly amount of intra-EU supplies of goods does not exceed either in respect of the quarter concerned or of any of the previous four quarters the sum of € 50.000 or its equivalent in national currency. The recapitulative statement shall be submitted within a period not exceeding one month.
What is the payment deadline?
The VAT due should be paid by filing deadline for the VAT return - no later than the 20th day of the month following the tax period [month/quarter/bi-annual] to which it relates.
Are interim payments required?
Interim payments are not required in Latvia.
VAT Directive
Any taxable person liable for the payment of the VAT must pay the net amount of the VAT when submitting the VAT return. Member States may, however, set a different date for payment of that amount. Member States may require interim payment to be made.
Is any VAT credit automatically carried forward or refunded?
A VAT credit is in principle automatically carried forward to the next period, unless a tax refund has been applied for.
VAT Directive
Where, for a given tax period, the amount of deductions exceeds the amount of VAT due, the Member States may, in accordance with conditions which they shall determine, either make a refund or carry the excess forward to the following period. However, Member States may refuse to refund or carry forward if the amount of excess is insignificant.
VAT OVERVIEW IN LATVIA
What is the local name of the tax?
Pievienotas vertibas nodoklis [PVN]
What is the structure of the VAT number?
Latvian VAT numbers have 13 characters [LV + 11 digits].
VAT Directive
Member States must apply a standard VAT rate [not lower than 15%] which must be the same for the supply of goods and for the supply of services. Member States may apply either one or two reduced rates [not lower than 5%] only to supplies of goods or services as listed in the Annex III of the VAT Directive.
VAT rates
Latvia applies a standard VAT rate of 21% and one reduced rate of 12%.
€ 35,000
see various thresholds applied in the EU
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